
Prisons have frequently been presented as a “solution” to the economic woes and employment needs of rural communities around the US—but that doesn’t mean residents of these communities want them there. In Franklin County, Arkansas, for instance, residents are banding together in opposition to the state’s plans to build a mega-prison in their area. In this episode of Rattling the Bars, host Mansa Musa speaks with Lauren Gill, a staff reporter from Bolts magazine, and Natalie Cadena, executive director of the Arkansas-based rural advocacy nonprofit Gravel & Grit, about the fight in Franklin County and rural America’s changing relationship to the prison-industrial complex.
Guests:
- Lauren Gill is a staff writer at Bolts. She previously worked as a reporter for The Appeal, Newsweek, and the Brooklyn Paper. Her reporting on the criminal legal system has also appeared in ProPublica, Rolling Stone, The Intercept, Slate, The Nation, and The Marshall Project, among others.
- Natalie Cadena is a seasoned education professional and writer with over 13 years in public education and 15 years of experience in professional writing. She is also the executive director of Gravel & Grit, a 501(c)(4) nonprofit dedicated to transparency, accountability, and rural advocacy in the state of Arkansas.
Additional links/info:
- Gravel & Grit website and Instagram
- Lauren Gill, Bolts, “The prison next door”
- Caroline McCoy, Oxford American, “Arkansas’s faulty plan to build a mega prison”
Credits:
Producer / Videographer / Post-Production: Cameron Granadino
Transcript
The following is a rushed transcript and may contain errors. A proofread version will be made available as soon as possible.
Mansa Musa:
Welcome to this edition of Rattling the Bars. I’m your host, Mansa Musa.
When we think about prisons and we think about prisons in rural America, the first thing most people think is that the rural community wants the prison, it’s the number one source of the economy for the prison. I even had this thought all the time, I even repeated that, that yeah, in rural America, prison’snumber one industry — And in most cases it is. But I also thought that the people in these communities wanted these prisons, that they were like, yeah, we want this, this is recession proof. As long as we got people locked up, we got jobs.
But this is not the case.
Today we’re talking about a new proposed mega prison in Arkansas, a project that has drawn widespread local opposition, even in one of the state’s most conservative areas. Reporter Lauren Gill writes about it in her recent Bolts magazine article, “The Prison Next Door.” She details how the plan for a massive new correctional facility has shaken the small rural community of Franklin County.
To give you a sense of the scale, Franklin County has about 2,600 residents; The proposed prison would house 3,000 people. That’s more prisoners than locals.
Joining me today are Lauren Gill, who wrote the article, and Natalie Cadena, the executive director ofGravel and Grit, a local organization leading the fight to stop this project.
Lauren and Natalie, welcome to Rattling the Bars.
Natalie Cadena:
Thank you for having me.
Lauren Gill:
Thanks so much.
Mansa Musa:
Alright, so let’s start with why the opposition, OK? Give our audience a sense of why the residents inFranklin County is in opposition to this.
Lauren Gill:
Yeah, so I think this is a story about so many different things. So, first of all, you have the state ofArkansas that went to great lengths to hide this prison project that they wanted to bring to Franklin County. And this went on for years where they were searching secretly for land in the northwestern part of the state. And then finally, in July of 2024, they find this land in Franklin County. And state staff aresending emails about it. Some people are saying, oh, this isn’t land that will be viable because of just, it’sso hard to access. And you have state staff who are sending emails like, oh, should we come up with acode name for the project? So, that really gives an indication of the lengths that they were going throughto keep this hidden from the people of Franklin County until it was finally announced on Halloween in 2024.
So, it’s a story about how people are worried about their resources, they’re worried about their way of life,but they’re also worried about how the state is spending taxpayer money and what they say is veryirresponsibly because when the project was first announced, everybody knew that Sarah HuckabeeSanders wanted to build a new prison because that was something tough on crime, was something that shereally campaigned for during her election campaign. And she, shortly after going to office, she passes thisact called the Protect Arkansas Act, which virtually ensures that there’s going to be more need for aprison, another prison by limiting parole and making sure people are behind bars for longer. So yeah, shewas going to build this prison and it was supposed to be 470 million at the outset. And I think the numberis changing as the state is struggling to find just basic resources like water to supply the site.
And right now, I think they’re talking at over a billion dollars. So it’s just really ballooned. And I thinkthere are just so many different reasons that have just emerged throughout this whole entire process thatpeople in Franklin County are noticing and they’re thinking about more. And one of them as well is what Iwas really struck by when I was down there is I’m talking to people and 75% of the county had voted forSarah Huckabee Sanders. And I have people who are telling me, I never really thought aboutincarceration before. I never thought about prisons. And they said, well, once this prison was beingbrought to our community, I did some research and I’m finding out more about how incarceration worksin Arkansas, but I’m really starting to question just the way that the state locks so many people up.
Mansa Musa:
I was reading the article and it talked about the abolition of parole and it talked about some of the crimesthat would deny you parole. And some of the crimes is like don’t even murder, not giving people parole.But like you say, to your point, they need the body. So you change the laws to ensure that you’re going tohave body. Natalie, tell us about your organization, gravel and GR and how it formed, and what are someof the organizing efforts you all have been leading to stop this particular mega prison from being built?
Natalie Cadena:
Well, thank you again for having me on. So Gravel and Grit officially formed in February of 2025, but themembers of the group have been involved since day one. The announcement was made on Halloween andon November 7th, the local community in Charleston had called the Town Hall and they were justdemanding answers from the governor. It was announced on local radio out of the blue like Here, we’redoing you a favor, here’s a mega prison and you’re going to like it. So immediately there was a responseand there was a group of people that formed an official board called the Franklin County and River ValleyAssociation, and they are still active in this process. But as we went on throughout learning about how toaddress this issue in a way that’s going to get attention and really stand out because it’s hard to getattention of your legislature if you’re not allowed.
So they had a legal angle they wanted to pursue. In that part of it, we felt like fundraising was probablygoing to be something we would need to do. So we established a nonprofit, and that’s gravel and griditself is intended to be an advocate for rural communities going forward, not just with prisons, but thereare other communities in Arkansas, especially in the Delta region, but there are other communities inArkansas that need a voice and they’re not being heard by their government either, and they have a lot ofdifferent issues affecting them. So we want to carry this on to that eventually. But for the time being,we’re singularly focused. We are a non-partisan group because as Lauren pointed out, Franklin County is75% Republican and they all voted for Sarah Huckabee Sanders.
Our group has established and agreed that we all have different beliefs on incarceration and just how toaddress public safety in general. So that’s not what we’re going to argue about. We’re going to argue rightnow, we’re going to focus on the practicality of this location, the complete disregard for local input. Evenour legislators, they didn’t know. Our conservative legislators had no idea. Our county judges, our jps,nobody was told. So we want to focus on that transparency piece and giving us a voice in what’shappening in our own community as well as the taxpayer impact. Because we project that once this is allsaid and done, given the infrastructure needs and all of the extra requirements, that this will be upwards of$1.5 billion. So that’s not good for any Arkansas taxpayer. And just imagine how much you could do forrecidivism with that amount of money addressing pretrial services or just drug treatment and reentryprograms and that sort of thing.
So that’s where we are right now. We work through the legislature mostly. We work with our senators andrepresentatives in educating them just to say, Hey, this is how much it’s going to cost taxpayers. It doesn’thave to be this way. There are other solutions. There are other locations that are way more practical. Andthen most recently you bring in the federal argument because now it’s being considered as an ice detentionfacility. That’s a whole nother level of argument that we have to address. So just in, we just got togetherand decided, Hey, these are the steps we need to take. We had great advice from some other grassrootsorganizations that help people organize in Arkansas. And then we have some really, really good supportfrom our legislators that are working with us, the ones that are supportive of us.
Mansa Musa:
Unpack this for me because build this coalition that y’all got is a coalition of under any other givencircumstance, wouldn’t have nothing to do with each other. You got the sheriff, you got the farmers, yougot the churches, you got people that have a diverse way of thinking when it comes to social issues. Whatis it about this particular issue that y’all are able to get this coalition, and how are y’all able to maintain thecoalition? It is in fact the coalition that’s generating the opposition to the building of this mega
Natalie Cadena:
Well, I think we knew from the very beginning that this wasn’t political and it doesn’t need to be political.So we need to establish right away that we’re going to take help from anybody that’s going to give us helpin getting our voice out there. And of course, one of the first people to step up was Dr. Chris Jones, and hehad run for governor of Arkansas against Sarah Huckabee and lost, and now he’s running for Senatoragainst Tom Cotton. He was considered, I think, in the running for the Democratic Party chair of thenational delegation. So he’s an incredible man. He stepped up and said, Hey, what can I do? Just nothinghe could do really other than just help us get our message out. But he came in and spoke to us along withour conservative legislators, which was I think what the community needed to see.
They needed to see Democrat, Chris Jones standing next to Republican, Gary Stubblefield to know that,Hey, this is not an issue that needs to divide us. We’ve got a lot more in common. And I think this is, we’refinding out this is true on a lot of issues, but people had just checked out politics or they had just checkedout of government. They just think it runs itself. They vote once every four years and they’re done. So Ithink for us, it was just establishing that this is not going to be political. It’s not going to be Republican orDemocrat. It’s not going to be about any of that. This is about what’s right for local communities in ruralArkansas. And so we just kind of stay with that message and it brings people together no matter wherethey’re from.
Mansa Musa:
And Lauren, talk about how the land was purchased and was it any transparency associated with it? Andif it wasn’t, no transparency associated with it. How did your investigation unpack that?
Lauren Gill:
Yeah, so this story was honestly a reporter’s dream because the coalition had gone ahead and asked forpublic records, hundreds of pages of public records tracing how the state went about buying the land forthe prison, and then any conversations afterwards. And as they continued to procure various contracts andthings related to the prison sites. So yeah, I was given hundreds of pages of emails showing how the statehad 25,000 sites that met the criteria for what they were looking for, which was like 60 miles away fromother A DOC prisons had flat land and some available infrastructure as well as access to workforce. Soobviously those are all very vague things that they were looking for, but eventually the state narrows it to6,000. They visit 14, and then they find Franklin County through, it was listed on a rural land website inJuly, 2024, and an intern finds it, sends it to the person who is supposed to be in charge of finding theland, and then they kind of go from there by the end of the month, they’re in contract for the land, butdon’t announce it obviously until Halloween.
And then would later say at the town hall meeting that, well, we didn’t want to announce it because wewere afraid that there would be a bidding war for it, which raises a lot of questions since they’re already incontract for it. But yeah, that’s how they went about getting the land, which is 815 acres. When I wasdown there, I just kept hearing from people. They didn’t understand how there was going to be a 3000 bedprison built there because people would try to build fence posts or put in basic infrastructure, and it wouldtake them forever to just nail through the sandstone. That was all over Mill Creek Mountain, which is thearea that the prison’s being built in the surrounding area. So yeah, there’s a power line that runs throughthe property, but other than that, it’s extremely rural. You get to it by a very narrow two lane road. Andyeah, it’s just super rural. So it was definitely raising a lot of questions for me about how they plan tosupport not only the prisoners and staff, but family who are visiting other people who would be needed tosupport this prison in Franklin County.
Mansa Musa:
And Natalie, what’s the status of it now? What’s the current status of the prison plan and who’s still reallypushing for it, or is everybody opposed to it and where it staying at right now? As far as the prison plan?
Natalie Cadena:
Well, if anybody’s for the prison, they have not spoken up to us. I mean, they may call their legislator andsay, Hey, I want it, but they’re awfully quiet if they do. And just knowing that town and the way thatinformation travels and that sort of thing, there is even from our sheriff and our judge and all of thecounty officials, a resounding opposition. So I don’t necessarily think there are a lot of supporters in thecommunities. I’m sure they exist, but I don’t think that they are the majority by any means. So the currentstatus is that it’s in limbo. It does not have funding because we were able to convince the legislatorsduring the last general session that they needed to do more homework on the cost of this prison and thesite feasibility and all of the things that we were seeing as dangerous to taxpayers for sure. So they votedagainst it. It was a three fourth majority vote as 75% as what they had to reach in order to passappropriations. And they voted on it five times in session, and it failed five times. So that halted the full-blown charging ahead
Mansa Musa:
Piece
Natalie Cadena:
Of it. But there were still $75 million that had previously been appropriated by Governor Hutchisonbefore Sarah Sanders was elected for the expansion of the existing Calico Rock Detention facility, whichis one of the only facilities in the state that maintains full staffing. It is truly a community like you spokeabout in the beginning, that embraces that because that’s their only job. The school district and the prisonare the only source of income. And so that’s the community they had become, and they were asking formore beds. So they took that money and then have spent at least two or 3 million already on just not even,I mean, really nothing paperwork really. They drilled wells, which they didn’t find water when theydrilled the wells. So the only other things that we are seeing come across on there as far as what we’repaying for is veneer. The company that they hired to be the owner’s representative we’re paying forpaperwork and administration fees, and that’s all that we paid for so far, as far as who is for it and who’spushing for it. Governor Sanders made this part of her platform when she was running for governor.
She has a handful of legislators who are very loyal to her Bar Hester and Ben Gilmore actually helpedauthor the Protect Act, and some of them were conservative. The speaker of the house is Brian Evans. Imean, there’s a group of them that are very loyal to the governor, and they are all on board with her. Sothat’s where the push comes from. But if you look into the whole story, our Board of Corrections does notspeak to the Department of Corrections or the governor’s office in a constructive manner. They have alawsuit. The Board of Corrections is suing the governor. They fired her chosen Board of Correctionssecretary that she brought in from Arizona. So there’s a lot of contention just going around the issueanyway, which kind of helps our case because we can maintain contact with the Board of Correctionsabout the reality of the facts, and it helps us develop a relationship with them.
Mansa Musa:
Let ask this, Natalie, what about, and both of y’all can weigh in on this if y’all want it. You spoke aboutthe prospect that it might become an ice detention center. With that comes money, do y’all sense thelegislation and the governor looking in that direction?
Natalie Cadena:
Well, I’ll go first because I don’t know. I mean, I’m sure Lauren is way up to date, but this was just a very,very recent development. It just happened a couple of weeks ago that they announced that ice. Well, weactually just stumbled upon it. One of our sheriffs was patrolling the area and noticed an out-of-stateplates right there at the prison site, pulled over to talk to ’em, and they said, well, hey, we’re ICE agentsfrom Louisiana looking to make this a potential detention facility. So again, no communication amongstour legislators, just completely blindsiding the local community. But going back to the very beginning ofthis story, there’s been a few of the Board of Corrections members who have repeatedly said, oh, well,there’s going to be federal money involved. Oh, we’re going to get federal money. So there seemed to bethis rumor, at least among them, that they knew somewhere federal money might come into play.
And we were only, we did think of ice, and we thought also of some of the infrastructure money that thegrants that can be applied for. But as soon as this was announced, we were like, there’s the federal money.The thing about federal money is that with it come more stringent requirements, I guess. So for example,alligator Alcatraz was initially stopped by the Seminole tribe, and then the EPA came in and said, well,you didn’t do any of your preliminary work, so we can’t support you being open down there. And so thisis the same situation. There’s a very delicate water table up there. Water doesn’t exist in the area.
I think anybody would realize that it’s not a practical or suitable site that did the little bit of homeworkthat we’ve done. But sometimes with federal money, they just don’t care. They’re just going to go aheadand do it anyway. We’re trying to prevent that from happening. We have contacted our federal delegationof senators and representatives, hopefully, that they will weigh in because until now, we really needed toinvolve them. But we are trying to make them to educate them as quickly as we can and get them to comein and support us on this.
Mansa Musa:
Lauren, talk about the economic impact, if you can, or how they push it. Cause that’s what the governorsay, the governor say, and this is the playbook that all of them say, this is going to be, money’s going to bemore money and money’s going to be used. And then they labeled a host of social programs or socialthings that communities need where the money will ultimately go. But it is been my experience and themoney don’t never go there.
Lauren Gill:
So when the prison was announced on the radio, Sarah Sanders said, this is going to be the single largestinvestment in Franklin County. So after having visited there, I was really interested in what rural prisonbuilding looks like. So I went back and I talked to a lot of experts, read a lot of papers about rural prisonbuilding, which has been very, very closely studied over the years. And the phenomenon really started inthe 1980s as a response to various tough on crime laws. The prisons were filling up, they needed a placeto put them. People in wealthy urban communities were not going to want these prisons. They wereprotesting against them. So the government officials, they say, oh, well, rural land, that’s easy to getbecause we can sell it to people as an economic investment, and also it’s cheaper and we can get moreland.
And so this boom just kicks off where all of these prisons are built in rural communities. And at the time,these communities are actually in some places asking for these prisons because they’re suffering theeffects of de-industrialization, and they’re looking for ways to keep people in their towns with variousjobs. And they think, oh, well, a prison that has a ton of jobs, please bring this to our community. And sowhat we’ve seen is that when prisons are brought to those communities, yes, the jobs are there, but it alsointensely changes the fabric of the community where they completely depend on this prison for jobs andfor their livelihoods or people. Everyone works in the prison or knows somebody who works in theprison. And as part of this story, I went up to this town called Malone in upstate New York where threeprisons were built there in the 1980s.
And yeah, it’s just like a complete prison town. People would say, well, I don’t know what would happenif these prisons closed. Good thing I have somebody who works as a teacher in my family because we candepend on them if the prisons ever closed, because everyone else in my family works in these prisons. Butthe interesting thing is when you talk to scholars and experts about what happens in these communities isthat the economic investment and prosperity very rarely comes through. So I was given an example ofKentucky three prisons were built there. The community was thrilled about it. They’re very excited.They’re making investments like applying for federal grants and changing their school curriculum to becentered around how to work in a prison. So those prisons are built. The economic prosperity nevermaterialized, and the prisons are now still in one of the poorest congressional districts in the country.
So I think that’s, that’s something that government officials have depended on, is this rhetoric of, well, oh,we’re going to bring investment to the community. But over time, people have seen that that’s not reallyhappened, and they’re changing the community to just be dependent incarceration. And we’re reallyseeing more communities speak up about that. And that’s what really struck me about what’s going on inFranklin County, is that Sarah Sanders tried to sell it to them as an economic investment. And they’resaying, we don’t want this type of investment. And it really raises the question of what type ofinvestments the government is willing to make in communities, and why can’t there be other types ofinvestments in Franklin County, maybe to farming or schools that aren’t tied to incarceration.
Mansa Musa:
To your point, you get the community to be dependent on the prison. Now you have to create laws toensure that people are locked up. But when Natalie, talk about, if you can panoramic out for us, zoom outa little bit, talk about what the implication this going to have on other states that’s going to be confrontedwith the same situation, relying on prisons as the number one source of the economy for them. If you can,can you talk about that? Sure. The national implication.
Natalie Cadena:
Well, one of the things that we’ve uncovered in our investigation into this was that our governor has avery, very close relationship with the CEO of CoreCivic, which is the largest private prison company inthe United States. So early on, we began thinking, well, they may be trying to privatize this. This issomething like he’s the biggest donor to her pack, that type of involvement. So we really have kept an eyeon that. And I think we’ve studied the recent prison builds in Utah and Alabama and South Dakota andsome in Kentucky, and it’s a 50 50 split. Alabama is full speed ahead, even though they’re almost tripletheir original budget.
And then Utah, theirs is built and stands fancy and tall right outside of Salt Lake City, but they can’t staffit. So I think what a lot of voters should actually ask their legislators is, do we need mega prisons in anyform or fashion, first of all? And two, how practical of a model is that to move forward with? One of thethings that we want voters to look at in Arkansas, and we want people to realize when they talk to theirlegislators and have these conversations about public safety, I think, is that this isn’t going to fix theproblem of crime. This is going to create more beds, which you just fill it with more people. There’snothing on there to stop it. But nationally, what we hope happens, number one, is to get the story out asfar and wide as we can, but two is that they’ll take a really close look at the options in lieu of megaprisons, community policing. For example, in Franklin County, the residents there passed a jail tax. Theyknew their jail needed an upgrade. It was an old building, it needed a lot of things.
So they passed a tax and they did that, and now they’re able to take care of their inmates, they can give’em the services that they need to give. They’re not overcrowded. They can still hold some state inmates intransports and that sort of thing. So it’s a working facility for exactly the size that we need it to be inFranklin County. And we did that as taxpayers. So community policing and community facilities andregional facilities make more sense in my mind. And this is me speaking personally, not necessarily onbehalf of gravel and grit, but that is what the data says. The data says that there are other ways to solvethese issues and to take care of the incarcerated that don’t involve billions of wasted tax dollars onsomething that’s surely to fail.
Mansa Musa:
Right. And Lauren, as we close out, you’ve done historical studies on prisons in Franklin County and NewYork as well as other places. What do you think that at the end of the day, what do you think is going tobe the outcome of this situation as far as Bill, don’t bill, find a backer? Don’t find a backer.
Lauren Gill:
I honestly don’t know. And that’s one of the more interesting things about this story, is that everything hasbeen so surprising along the way. I started reporting it in November, 2024, and it came out last month. Soobviously that was a lot of time, and so much happened in that time, including just the rise in opposition.And then you have the legislature voting against funding, and now you have even more oppositioncoming from the legislatures. More details of the project leak out, but again, the government is at playhere and the government is a powerful force. So yeah, I think it’ll be really interesting and important tosee what ends up happening, especially knowing that so many people in Arkansas don’t want this prison.
Natalie Cadena:
So the senator who represented this district from the very beginning, Senator Gary Stubblefield, he grewup and still farmed about five miles away from where the prison is proposed to be built. He passed awayin September, and so his senate seat is vacant. The governor announced that she wanted to have a specialelection to refill it in November of 2026, which would’ve left Franklin County without representation for400 days or more than so then she heard people screaming about that. So she said, okay, well, we’llshorten it and we, we’ll make it in June of 2026, but that is still several weeks after the fiscal session. Sothat leaves the people of Franklin County who probably have the most state in anything going on in thestate right now without representation to vote. So that’s another piece to this puzzle. That’s another part ofit that we’re having to fight. In fact, there’s a lawsuit that was just filed today. So we will see kind of whathappens with those things, but that’s just the latest update and all of the things that’s going on there.
Mansa Musa:
Thank you, Laura Gil, and Naty kina for rallying the bars today. How can our audience stay in touch withyou?
Natalie Cadena:
Yeah, I’m on Bluesky.
Natalie Cadena:
So we are all over social media, just about any platform that we can get our message out on. We exist, butour URL to visit our website is www.gravelandgrit.org.
Mansa Musa:
I really want to thank y’all for coming in and talking about this. We ask our viewers to stay on top of this and look at this. This is going to be a lesson in two things, civic opposition to unpopular legislation and orhow the government continues to not represent the people that they was elected to represent and get thisparticular mega prison built. We want you to look at these stories and really evaluate ’em and weigh in onthem. We ask that you continue to support real news and rally involved, because guess what? We actually are the real news.
This content originally appeared on The Real News Network and was authored by Mansa Musa.  
