Computing cos(25deg) in CSS

This content originally appeared on Bram.us and was authored by Bramus!

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The Problem

On the CodePen blog, Chris Coyier dug into a blog post by Tyler Gaw – a blog post which I had missed before – in which Tyler wanted to know what the resulting number for cos(25deg) in CSS is.

Take cos(25deg) for example. I know that will return a number between -1 and 1. But what number?

One of the approaches Tyler tried, but then abandoned, was storing that value in a Custom Property and then reading its Computed Value. As Tyler found, this didn’t work:

… using a custom prop like --u: cos(25deg) doesn’t really work either because the custom prop value is stored as cos(25deg)

Checking the Computed Value of --u indeed yields the string cos(25deg) instead of the number you might expect:

#demo {
  --u: cos(25deg);
}

getComputedStyle($0).getPropertyValue("--u");
// -> "cos(25deg)"

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The Cause

The reason why the CSS engine doesn’t fully parse cos(25deg) in Tyler’s demo because the parser doesn’t know what type --u is.

As stated in the Custom Properties specification, a Custom Property computes to:

[The] specified value with variables substituted, or the guaranteed-invalid value.

The further processing of cos(25deg) only happens when that value is used in a declaration that expects a <number>. For example, if you use cos(25deg) as the value for scale – or use var(--u) as the value for scale – getting the computed value for scale will return the resulting number:

#demo {
  scale: cos(25deg);
}

getComputedStyle($0).getPropertyValue("scale");
// -> 0.906308

This because the engine tries to parse scale as a its expected type of <number>.

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The Solution

Winging back to Tyler’s custom property approach, the solution comes in the form of @property, which allows you to register a custom property to be of a certain type.

By telling the parser – using @property – that the custom property’s type is a <number>, the engine will try to parse it as such when getting its computed value.

As per CSS Properties and Values API Level 1 specification:

The computed value of a registered custom property is determined by the syntax of its registration.

In code, it becomes this:

@property --r {
  syntax: "<number>";
  inherits: false;
  initial-value: 0;
}

#demo {
  --r: cos(25deg);
}

getComputedStyle($0).getPropertyValue("--r");
// -> 0.906308

So there you have it, Tyler, you no longer need to resort to the JS workaround you came up with

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All together

Here’s a demo that combines all code used in this post:

See the Pen Parsing CSS functions by Bramus (@bramus) on CodePen.

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This content originally appeared on Bram.us and was authored by Bramus!